Prayer in Jesus' day

Two points. First, was tying God's forgiveness to ours new? Bailey argues that the Tefillah's prayer for forgiveness is not tied to forgiving others, so Jesus departs from the tradition. Keener's cultural backgrounds notes point to earlier sages who made the link, citing Sirach 28:1-8. Second, what did Abba carry? Keener's background commentary renders it Papa, a word of great intimacy that Jews did not use of God except in an occasional parable. Garland agrees that no individual is known to have addressed God so before Jesus. But he says it does not mean Daddy, since Mark renders it with the ordinary word for father and disciples used it of an esteemed teacher.

• {"u":"https:\/\/jayms.com\/bible-study-tools-2\/ancient-world-passages\/matthew-6-1-18\/","n":"Matthew 6:1-18, Alms, prayer and fasting in secret","s":"Jesus warns against doing acts of piety to be seen, and teaches his disciples the Lord's Prayer.","r":"Matthew 6:1-18"}
• {"u":"https:\/\/jayms.com\/bible-study-tools-2\/ancient-world-passages\/mark-14-32-52\/","n":"Mark 14:32-52, Gethsemane and the arrest","s":"At a place called Gethsemane Jesus prays in anguish while three disciples sleep. Judas arrives with an armed crowd from the chief priests, greets him with a kiss, and the disciples run.","r":"Mark 14:32-52"}
• {"u":"https:\/\/jayms.com\/bible-study-tools-2\/ancient-world-passages\/luke-11-1-13\/","n":"Luke 11:1-13, Father, daily bread and a friend at midnight","s":"Asked to teach his disciples to pray, Jesus gives a short prayer to the Father, then tells of a man who wakes a neighbor at midnight to borrow bread for a guest.","r":"Luke 11:1-13"}
• {"u":"https:\/\/jayms.com\/bible-study-tools-2\/ancient-world-passages\/acts-2-42-47\/","n":"Acts 2:42-47, The common life","s":"The first believers devote themselves to teaching, fellowship, the breaking of bread and the prayers, share their possessions, and meet daily in the temple courts and in their homes.","r":"Acts 2:42-47"}
• {"u":"https:\/\/jayms.com\/bible-study-tools-2\/ancient-world-passages\/acts-3-1-26\/","n":"Acts 3:1-26, The lame man at the Beautiful Gate","s":"At the afternoon hour of prayer Peter heals a man lame from birth who begged at the temple gate, then tells the gathering crowd that Jesus is the prophet Moses promised.","r":"Acts 3:1-26"}
• {"u":"https:\/\/jayms.com\/bible-study-tools-2\/ancient-world-passages\/acts-10-1-23\/","n":"Acts 10:1-23, Cornelius and Peter's vision","s":"A God-fearing Roman centurion in Caesarea is told in a vision to send for Peter. At noon on a Joppa rooftop Peter sees a sheet full of unclean animals and hears a voice tell him to eat.","r":"Acts 10:1-23"}
• {"u":"https:\/\/jayms.com\/bible-study-tools-2\/ancient-world-passages\/2corinthians-1-1-11\/","n":"2 Corinthians 1:1-11, The God of all comfort and the sentence of death","s":"Paul opens by blessing the God of all comfort and tells the Corinthians that in Asia he was so crushed that he felt he had received the sentence of death, so that he learned to rely on the God who raises the dead.","r":"2 Corinthians 1:1-11"}
• {"u":"https:\/\/jayms.com\/bible-study-tools-2\/ancient-world-passages\/galatians-6-11-18\/","n":"Galatians 6:11-18, Large letters in his own hand, and the marks of Jesus","s":"Taking the pen himself, Paul writes in large letters that the rivals want the Galatians circumcised so they can boast in their flesh and avoid persecution, while he boasts only in the cross; he blesses those who follow this rule and the Israel of God, and says he bears the marks of Jesus.","r":"Galatians 6:11-18"}
• {"u":"https:\/\/jayms.com\/bible-study-tools-2\/ancient-world-passages\/ephesians-3-14-21\/","n":"Ephesians 3:14-21, Kneeling before the Father of every family","s":"Paul kneels in prayer before the Father of every family, heavenly and earthly, and asks that they be strengthened by the Spirit and grasp the vast dimensions of Christ's love, closing with praise.","r":"Ephesians 3:14-21"}
• {"u":"https:\/\/jayms.com\/bible-study-tools-2\/ancient-world-passages\/1timothy-2-1-7\/","n":"1 Timothy 2:1-7, Prayers for kings and all in authority","s":"Paul asks for prayers for everyone, kings and all in authority included, so that believers may live peaceful and quiet lives, because God our Savior wants all to be saved and there is one God and one mediator.","r":"1 Timothy 2:1-7"}
• {"u":"https:\/\/jayms.com\/bible-study-tools-2\/ancient-world-passages\/1timothy-2-8-15\/","n":"1 Timothy 2:8-15, Lifted hands, braided hair, women learning, Eve and childbearing","s":"Paul wants men to pray without anger or arguing and women to dress modestly; women are to learn quietly, and he does not permit a woman to teach or have authority over a man, arguing from Adam and Eve, before a hard saying about being saved through childbearing.","r":"1 Timothy 2:8-15"}
• {"u":"https:\/\/jayms.com\/bible-study-tools-2\/ancient-world-passages\/james-2-14-26\/","n":"James 2:14-26, Faith that shudders, Abraham and Rahab","s":"Faith without deeds is dead, James argues. Wishing a hungry brother well helps no one, the demons believe that God is one and shudder, and Abraham and Rahab were counted righteous by what they did.","r":"James 2:14-26"}
• {"u":"https:\/\/jayms.com\/bible-study-tools-2\/ancient-world-passages\/james-5-13-20\/","n":"James 5:13-20, Elders, oil and Elijah's prayer","s":"The suffering should pray and the cheerful sing; the sick should call the church's elders to pray over them and anoint them with oil. The prayer of a righteous person is powerful, as Elijah's was, and whoever turns a sinner back covers a multitude of sins.","r":"James 5:13-20"}
• {"u":"https:\/\/jayms.com\/bible-study-tools-2\/ancient-world-passages\/jude-14-25\/","n":"Jude 14-25, Enoch's prophecy, scoffers, and a closing doxology","s":"Enoch, the seventh from Adam, prophesied about such people that the Lord comes with his countless holy ones to judge all and convict the ungodly. The apostles foretold scoffers in the last times; the readers are to build themselves up, pray in the Holy Spirit, keep themselves in God's love and show mercy, snatching some from the fire. Jude closes with praise to the one able to keep them from stumbling.","r":"Jude 14-25"}
• {"u":"https:\/\/jayms.com\/bible-study-tools-2\/ancient-world-passages\/revelation-8-1-13\/","n":"Revelation 8:1-13, silence, incense and the first four trumpets","s":"The seventh seal brings half an hour of silence in heaven. Seven angels receive trumpets, an angel offers incense with the prayers of God's people at the golden altar and hurls fire to the earth, and the first four trumpets bring hail and fire, a burning mountain into the sea, the star Wormwood and a darkening of sun, moon and stars.","r":"Revelation 8:1-13"}