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The same name traced across the biblical canon and the Second Temple texts, side by side.

Laodicea

A rich banking and cloth city in the Lycus Valley. It had no water of its own and piped it in from the hot springs at Hierapolis and the cold springs at Colossae, so it arrived lukewarm, and Revelation's "neither cold nor hot" plays on that. Its church gets the sharpest rebuke of the seven.

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First, in plain English

A rich banking and cloth city in the Lycus Valley. It had no water of its own and piped it in from the hot springs at Hierapolis and the cold springs at Colossae, so it arrived lukewarm, and Revelation's "neither cold nor hot" plays on that. Its church gets the sharpest rebuke of the seven.

Who this is

Laodicea was a wealthy banking and textile city in the Lycus Valley of Asia Minor, addressed in Revelation as the last and most sharply rebuked of the seven churches (Revelation 3:14-22), and mentioned by Paul alongside Colossae (Colossians 2:1; 4:15-16). The city had no natural water source and piped water in by aqueduct from the hot springs at Hierapolis and the cold springs at Colossae, which arrived lukewarm and mineral-laden; John's rebuke that the church was "neither cold nor hot" plays directly on that well-known local water supply.

study-bible (ACAI + Tyndale)
The word

G2993

Where it is
  • 29.1075
  • 37.835833
Where it appears
  • Colossians 2:1
  • Colossians 4:13
  • Colossians 4:15
  • Colossians 4:16
  • Revelation 1:11
  • Revelation 3:14

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