H113

• {"n":"Psalm 110:1","s":"The LORD said unto my Lord. Two different Hebrew words, and English uses one.","u":"https:\/\/jayms.com\/bible-study-tools-2\/bible-translation-differences\/#id=psalm-110-1","r":"Psalm 110:1","b":[{"l":"How modern translations read it","t":"Every version distinguishes them by capitalisation: LORD in small capitals for the first, Lord for the second. No version uses two different words, and the convention is explained in a preface most readers skip."},{"l":"First, in plain English","t":"Imagine a sentence where two people are both called **sir**, and your only clue to which is which is how the printer set the type. That is what an English Bible is doing here, and almost nobody has been told the convention."},{"l":"What you are seeing","t":"The first word is the divine name, printed LORD in small capitals wherever it occurs. The second is adoni, my lord, an ordinary term used of human superiors. So the line is the divine name speaking to someone the psalmist calls my lord. Jesus builds an argument on exactly this at Matthew 22:41-46, and it only works if the two are different."},{"l":"Why translators split","t":"English has one word for both and has solved it with typography rather than vocabulary. That works in print and fails completely when read aloud, which is how most people meet the verse."},{"l":"The rule to carry away","t":"Small capitals in an English Old Testament are not emphasis. They mark the divine name. Once you know that, a large number of verses become visible that were not before."},{"l":"Choosing between them","t":"Nothing is disputed in translation. The convention is universal and the failure is that it is never taught, so a verse the New Testament quotes constantly reads as a repetition in English."},{"l":"The word","t":"\u05d9\u05b0\u05d4\u05d5\u05b8\u05d4 YHWH \u00b7 H3068 \/ \u05d0\u05b2\u05d3\u05b9\u05e0\u05b4\u05d9 adoni \u00b7 H113"}],"src":["Quoted or alluded to at Matthew 22:44; Mark 12:36; Acts 2:34-35; Hebrews 1:13 and elsewhere","adoni of human superiors: Genesis 23:6; 1 Samuel 22:12","The small-capital convention is set out in the prefaces of the King James, ESV and NASB"]}
• {"n":"adon \/ adonai","s":"Lord, master, sir. An ordinary word, and also what is said aloud in place of the divine name.","u":"https:\/\/jayms.com\/bible-study-tools-2\/bible-translation-differences\/#id=adon-adonai","r":"Psalm 110:1","b":[{"l":"How modern translations read it","t":"Versions print Lord for this word and LORD in small capitals for the divine name."},{"l":"First, in plain English","t":"**Yes, sir.** That is a form of address, not a title. Now imagine using it every time a particular name came up, out of respect, until people forgot the name underneath."},{"l":"What you are seeing","t":"Adon is a master or superior and is used of ordinary men. Adonai, my lord, became the spoken substitute for the divine name, and the Septuagint's kurios follows the practice."},{"l":"Why translators split","t":"English uses typography to carry a distinction Hebrew carries in vocabulary, and typography is silent when read aloud."},{"l":"The rule to carry away","t":"Small capitals mark the divine name. Ordinary capitals mark this word. Learn the convention once and a large number of verses open up."},{"l":"Choosing between them","t":"Lord is the majority rendering; the small-capital convention is universal across English versions."},{"l":"The word","t":"\u05d0\u05b8\u05d3\u05d5\u05b9\u05df adon \u00b7 H113"}],"src":["adoni of human superiors: Genesis 23:6; 1 Samuel 22:12","Psalm 110:1 uses both words in one line","Septuagint kurios for both"]}