H3394

• {"n":"Genesis 1:16","s":"The greater light and the lesser light. Not shemesh, sun, and yareach, moon, the same words as the sun-god and moon-god.","u":"https:\/\/jayms.com\/bible-study-tools-2\/bible-translation-differences\/#id=genesis-1-16","r":"Genesis 1:16","b":[{"l":"How modern translations read it","t":"Every version reads the greater light and the lesser light, correctly, but nothing in the English signals that Hebrew had two perfectly ordinary, available words, shemesh and yareach, for sun and moon that the verse conspicuously does not use."},{"l":"First, in plain English","t":"Imagine a creation account that carefully avoids saying **the sun** and **the moon** by name, calling them only **the big glowing thing** and **the smaller glowing thing**, specifically because those proper names doubled as the names of rival gods everyone around you worshipped. That is exactly what this verse does."},{"l":"What you are seeing","t":"Shemesh, sun, was also the name of Shamash, the Mesopotamian sun-god; yareach, moon, shares its root with Yarikh, the Canaanite moon-god. Genesis 1 calls them simply hama'or hagadol and hama'or hakaton, the greater light and the lesser light, functional, almost deliberately unglamorous descriptions, stripping them of any name that could double as a divine title and reducing them to created objects doing a job, marking appointed times, rather than deities to be worshipped."},{"l":"Why translators split","t":"English greater light and lesser light already sound intentionally plain, but without knowing that Hebrew had perfectly good, ordinary proper names available and pointedly did not use them, an English reader cannot see that this is a deliberate polemic against the sun and moon worship of Israel's neighbors, not merely a poetic or repetitive style choice."},{"l":"The rule to carry away","t":"When a text conspicuously avoids an obvious, available word, ask what that word would have implied if used. Genesis 1's avoidance of shemesh and yareach here is a calculated theological move, not an accident of vocabulary or a coincidence of style."},{"l":"Choosing between them","t":"No translation dispute over greater light and lesser light as accurate renderings. What is worth flagging is that the deliberate avoidance of the ordinary, available words for sun and moon, precisely because those words were also divine names, is a polemical statement entirely dependent on knowing what words were not used."},{"l":"The word","t":"\u05d4\u05b7\u05de\u05b8\u05bc\u05d0\u05d5\u05b9\u05e8 \u05d4\u05b7\u05d2\u05b8\u05bc\u05d3\u05b9\u05dc \/ \u05d4\u05b7\u05e7\u05b8\u05bc\u05d8\u05b9\u05df hama'or hagadol \/ hakaton (cf. \u05e9\u05b6\u05c1\u05de\u05b6\u05e9\u05c1 shemesh, \u05d9\u05b8\u05e8\u05b5\u05d7\u05b7 yareach) \u00b7 H3974 \/ H8121 \/ H3394"}],"src":["Shemesh as the Mesopotamian sun-god Shamash, attested throughout Akkadian literature","Yareach's root shared with the Canaanite moon-god Yarikh","Standard treatment of Genesis 1 as a polemic against neighboring sun\/moon worship"]}