Archangel

Twice in the whole New Testament. Michael is the only figure who gets the title, and the nine orders come from Pseudo-Dionysius in the fifth or sixth century. The figure is already in the Hebrew Bible, but the Greek word archangelos never appears in the Greek Old Testament. It turns up in the Pseudepigrapha, then twice here. There, the Greek title archistrategos, "chief commander," given to Michael in Second Temple texts (Testament of Abraham 1:4; 2 Enoch 22:6), most likely renders "commander of the LORD's host" from Joshua 5:14, even though Joshua never names its commander. The lists themselves shift. The earliest has four archangels (1 Enoch 9:1: Michael, Gabriel, Raphael, and Sariel), a later one has seven (1 Enoch 20 adds Uriel, Raguel, and Remiel), and Uriel and Phanuel trade places as the fourth name across manuscript traditions, the same instability recorded under Uriel, Sariel, Phanuel below.