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Echoes of Revelation
Revelation never quotes the Old Testament outright, yet no New Testament book refers to it more. See both texts side by side, why they don’t match, and what John does with them.
Revelation 14:7, worship the one who made heaven and earth
The call to give God glory and worship the maker of heaven, earth and sea echoes the angel's word to Nebuchadnezzar in Daniel 4 and the psalm's praise of the Creator.
Revelation 14:7, in every translation this tool compares.
A proud boss who must finally say who really owns the company is not exactly converted. In the Greek of Daniel 4 an angel tells Nebuchadnezzar to give glory to the Most High. The humbled king then praises the maker of heaven, earth and seas. Psalm 146 praises the Lord as maker of heaven, earth and sea. John's angel calls everyone to fear God, honor him and worship the maker of all four.
A call to give God glory and worship him as Creator of heaven, earth and sea. John's to poiesanti ton ouranon kai ten gen kai thalassan is close to the Greek of Psalm 146:6.
Beale's link is to the old Greek of Daniel 4. There an angel calls the king, and the king praises the maker of heaven, earth, seas and rivers. John has springs of water, and speaks to every nation, not one king. The vault's Greek of Daniel is the other version, Theodotion, so the old Greek wording rests on Beale's report.
Beale reads the call as a decree at the hour of judgment: those who refused God will be made to own him as judge and Creator, as Nebuchadnezzar was. If it is a last call to repent, the next verses show it ignored. Heiser hears the nations called back to the true God.
Not proof that everyone will turn. Beale thinks Nebuchadnezzar's praise was forced, not a conversion, and so is this.
Beale says 14:6-8 rests on a series of phrases about Nebuchadnezzar in Daniel 4: an angel telling the king to give glory to the Most High (4:34 in the old Greek), the king praising the maker of heaven, earth, seas and rivers (4:37 in the old Greek), the fourfold list of peoples, the hour of judgment, and Babylon the great (4:30). He sets the Greek side by side and reads the nominative saying as a deliberate clash that flags the allusion. The CSB Study Bible cross-references Psalm 146:6 and related psalms for the Creator line. The NIV Biblical Theology Study Bible contrasts true worship with worship of the beast. The grade is drawn here as possible: each text is proposed by one source.
Heiser reads the angel's call as good news for the righteous. Fear God, give him glory, worship the maker of heaven and earth: to him this is the Psalm 82 judgment, and the reversal of the Deuteronomy 32 problem, with the nations brought back to worship the true God.
Beale reads the command as a forced acknowledgment at the judgment, not a call to conversion, though he allows the second. The CSB Study Bible reads it as climactic preaching that calls people to fear God. Wright stresses the good news for the oppressed.
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- G. K. Beale, The Book of Revelation (New International Greek Testament Commentary), comment on 14:7
- CSB Study Bible, cross-references at Revelation 14:7
- NIV Biblical Theology Study Bible, note on Revelation 14:7
- N. T. Wright, Revelation for Everyone, comment on Revelation 14:6-13
- Septuagint, Psalm 146:6 and Daniel 4:34, Interlinear Greek-English Septuagint
- SBL Greek New Testament (MorphGNT), Revelation 14:7
- Michael S. Heiser, Revelation 14: The Lamb, the 144,000, and the Harvest of the Earth, video lecture (Naked Bible Revelation series)
