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The Gods of the Bible

Every named divine being in Scripture, what the text calls it, and what the ancient world thought it was.

Tannin

Sea monsters, which Genesis pointedly lists among the things God made and called good.

ExplicitWest Semitic powersOld Testament
Genesis 1:21

Genesis 1:21, in every translation this tool compares.

First, in plain English

Sea monsters. Genesis 1 puts them in the column of things God made and called good, which is a pointed thing to do with a word that everywhere else means the enemy in the water. A psalm later calls them into the choir.

What the text says

Genesis 1:21 puts the great tannin in the column of things created and called good, which reads as deliberate given what the word does everywhere else, and Psalm 148:7 goes a step further and calls the tanninim into the choir of creation praising Yahweh. Ezekiel calls Pharaoh one twice (29:3; 32:2), and in Jeremiah 51:34 Zion says Nebuchadnezzar "swallowed me like the tannin," so the same word serves for sea monster, Egypt, and Babylon depending on the enemy in view. Where Tiamat is destroyed outright in Enuma Elish, Genesis separates and bounds the elements outside order (darkness, the deep) without annihilating them, and Yahweh creates the sea monsters as what they are, not as beings gone wrong. They belong to the plan instead of standing in its way, and that departs from the rest of the ancient Near East, where such creatures sit outside the divine order.

The word

H8577 (תַּנִּין), 14 occ

Where it appears
  • Genesis 1:21
  • Exodus 7:9-12
  • Psalm 74:13
  • Isaiah 27:1
  • Isaiah 51:9
  • Ezekiel 29:3
  • Ezekiel 32:2
  • Jeremiah 51:34
  • Psalm 148:7
Read in Why Do Bible Translations Differ?
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Sources
  1. John H. Walton and J. Harvey Walton, *Demons and Spirits in Biblical Theology*, 100-101
  2. G. C. Heider, "Tannin," DDD, 834-836

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